这是一篇最好最实用的防疫文章！及如何自我判断是流感还是新冠肺炎？

来自斯坦福医院的关于新冠肺炎的十点提醒：

1，如果您有流鼻涕，您是感冒。

2，冠状病毒性肺炎是一种干咳而没有流鼻涕的咳嗽。

3，这种新病毒不耐热，26／27度的温度就能杀死它。它讨厌太阳。

4，如果感染的人打喷嚏，它需要经过大约10英尺才会掉落到地面，那时它已经不再在空中传播。 

5，如果它掉落在金属表面上，它将至少可存活12个小时。因此，如果您接触任何金属表面，请尽快用抗细菌的肥皂充分洗手。 

6，它在织物上可以存活6-12小时。普通的洗衣粉剂就能杀死它。 

7，喝热水对所有病毒都有效。尽量不要喝任何冰镇的水或者饮料。 

8，经常洗手，虽然病毒只能在您的手上存活5-10分钟，但是在这段时间内可能会发生很多事情：您可能揉眼睛，可能不知不觉地挖鼻孔，摸脸摸嘴摸头发等等。

9，您还应该常漱口，以防万一。简单的温盐水就足够了。

10，重要的话说三遍 -多喝水！多喝水！多喝水！

新冠状肺炎的症状：

* 首先喉咙会感染，所以您会觉得喉咙痛，会持续3至4天。

*病毒然后混入鼻液，进入气管，然后进入肺部，引起肺炎。这大约需要5至6天。 

*之后伴随肺炎的是高烧和呼吸困难。鼻塞不像通常感冒或者流感那样，您会觉得呼吸困难，感觉自己快要淹死了。转为重症的征兆包括全身乏力、极度的虚弱感、呼吸困难、胸闷、完全吃不下东西、胃肠道反应非常重。这个时候您必须立刻就医！

他山之石：

* 日本医生在治疗COVID-19病例时给予了认真的绝妙建议：每个人都应确保您的口腔和咽喉湿润，永不干燥。至少每15分钟喝几口水。为什么？即使病毒进入您的口腔，饮用水或其他液体也会通过喉咙和胃部将其冲洗掉。一旦到达那里，您的胃酸将杀死所有病毒。如果您不经常喝足够的水，病毒会进入您的气管并进入肺部。那很危险。

* 在非常时期，请每天早晨在干净的环境中进行自我检查。注意：新的冠状病毒可能很多天都没有显示出感染的迹象。如何知道他/她是否被感染？台湾专家提供了一个简单的自我检查功能，我们每天早晨都可以这样做。深呼吸，屏住呼吸10秒钟以上。如果成功完成治疗而没有咳嗽，没有不适，僵硬或紧绷等情况，则表明肺部没有纤维化，基本上表明没有感染。当感染病人出现发烧和/或咳嗽症状时，如果是新冠状肺炎，肺部纤维化程度通常为50％，为时已晚（纤维化不可逆转）。

请转发给您关心的家人和朋友！帮助有疑似症状的病人尽早测试、隔离、就医！

大家在积极防护的同时，也不要过于紧张。这几天的美国确诊病例飙升并不是传染忽然增加，而是检测大量增加的结果。传染前几周就已经发生了，只不过最近刚开始大规模检测。多分享我们了解到的信息和经验给很多没有意识到严重性的美国朋友们，提醒他们尽早隔离、尽早检测、减少传播和扩散！

截止今日宣布停课或改为网上教学的美国大学（具体细节请看各高校通知）

1.华盛顿西雅图大学 

2. 斯坦福大学 

3. 南加州大学 

4. 哥伦比亚大学

5.莱斯大学

6.加州大学伯克利分校

7.伊利诺伊大学

8.范德堡大学

9.普林斯顿大学

10.纽约大学

11.福特汉姆大学

12.俄亥俄州立大学

 13.哈佛大学

14麻省理工学院

15. 陶森大学Towson University

16. 美国大学 American University

17. 加州大学圣地亚哥分校     

18. 凯斯西储大学Case Western Reserve University

19. 罗德格斯大学 Rutgers University

20. 康奈尔大学

21. 杜克大学

来源：网络笔记 供大家参考

另外附上一篇最好最实用的防疫文章！中英文, 请耐心看完并力行实践！并与孩子们分享，保护自己，家人及他人！

Coronavirus Precautions You Must Take 

Subject: What I am doing for the upcoming COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic

新冠疫情扩散下我的防备攻略

By James Robb, MD UC San Diego. 詹姆斯.萝卜，加州大学圣地亚哥分校医学博士

Dear Colleagues, as some of you may recall, when I was a professor of pathology at the University of California San Diego, I was one of the first molecular virologists in the world to work on coronaviruses (the 1970s). I was the first to demonstrate the number of genes the virus contained. Since then, I have kept up with the coronavirus field and its multiple clinical transfers into the human population (eg, SARS, MERS), from different animal sources.

众所周知，我是冠状病毒的分子病毒专家，从70年代到现在一直在研究这些病毒。所以我是有发言权的。

The current projections for its expansion in the US are only probable, due to continued insufficient worldwide data, but it is most likely to be widespread in the US by mid to late March and April.

现在大规模在美国爆发还只是一个可能，现在还是数据不足。但是广泛传播要到三月底四月。

Here is what I have done and the precautions that I take and will take. These are the same precautions I currently use during our influenza seasons, except for the mask and gloves.:

我预防冠状病毒的方法和防止流感一样，只是增加口罩和手套。

1) NO HANDSHAKING! Use a fist bump, slight bow, elbow bump, etc.

不要和别人握手。用碰拳头，小鞠躬，碰胳膊肘等代替。

2) Use ONLY your knuckle to touch light switches. elevator buttons, etc.. Lift the gasoline dispenser with a paper towel or use a disposable glove.

只用手指关节去开灯的开关和电梯按钮。用纸或者戴手套加汽油。

3) Open doors with your closed fist or hip - do not grasp the handle with your hand, unless there is no other way to open the door. Especially important on bathroom and post office/commercial doors.

不要用手抓门把，特别是公共厕所，邮局，商业中心的门。用拳头和屁股把门撞开。

4) Use disinfectant wipes at the stores when they are available, including wiping the handle and child seat in grocery carts.

如果店里有抗菌湿巾提供，用它来擦所有碰到的把柄和儿童座。

5) Wash your hands with soap for 10-20 seconds and/or use a greater than 60% alcohol-based hand sanitizer whenever you return home from ANY activity that involves locations where other people have been.

每次从外面回家，至少用肥皂洗手20秒。

6) Keep a bottle of sanitizer available at each of your home's entrances. AND in your car for use after getting gas or touching other contaminated objects when you can't immediately wash your hands.

在家里的门口和车里放一瓶消毒液。

7) If possible, cough or sneeze into a disposable tissue and discard. Use your elbow only if you have to. The clothing on your elbow will contain infectious virus that can be passed on for up to a week or more!

如果来得及，尽量打喷嚏擤鼻涕到纸巾上。如果来不及用胳膊肘捂了，要及时换衣服。

What I have stocked in preparation for the pandemic spread to the US:

在美国家里，我囤积了一下物资：

1) Latex or nitrile latex disposable gloves for use when going shopping, using the gasoline pump, and all other outside activity when you come in contact with contaminated areas.

一次性橡皮手套，外出时备用。

Note: This virus is spread in large droplets by coughing and sneezing. This means that the air will not infect you! BUT all the surfaces where these droplets land are infectious for about a week on average - everything that is associated with infected people will be contaminated and potentially infectious.

注意，病毒靠咳嗽和打喷嚏产生的较大的水雾珠传播的，不是因为空气本身。所有的水雾珠会落在各种各样的表面，在那里呆一个星期之久。所有感染的人碰过的东西都有病毒。

The virus is on surfaces and you will not be infected unless your unprotected face is directly coughed or sneezed upon. This virus only has cell receptors for lung cells (it only infects your lungs) The only way for the virus to infect you is through your nose or mouth via your hands or an infected cough or sneeze onto or into your nose or mouth.

这个病毒只会感染你的肺，而进入的途径就是你的口鼻。所以唯一被感染的机会是你的手带到你的口鼻除非有人直接对着你的脸打喷嚏咳嗽。

2) Stock up now with disposable surgical masks and use them to prevent you from touching your nose and/or mouth (We touch our nose/mouth 90X/day without knowing it!). This is the only way this virus can infect you - it is lung-specific. The mask will not prevent the virus in a direct sneeze from getting into your nose or mouth - it is only to keep you from touching your nose or mouth.

在家里储存一些一次性医用口罩。其实口罩并不是用来防止别人对你打喷嚏，而是阻止你的手老是去碰你的口鼻。你可能不知道，我们每天不知不觉会碰自己的口鼻90次以上。

3) Stock up now with hand sanitizers and latex/nitrile gloves (get the appropriate sizes for your family). The hand sanitizers must be alcohol-based and greater than 60% alcohol to be effective.

储存一些洗手消毒液，最好是含有有60%以上酒精那种。买一些手套。

4) Stock up now with zinc lozenges. These lozenges have been proven to be effective in blocking coronavirus (and most other viruses) from multiplying in your throat and nasopharynx. Use as directed several times each day when you begin to feel ANY "cold- like" symptoms beginning. It is best to lie down and let the lozenge dissolve in the back of your throat and nasopharynx. Cold-Eeze lozenges is one brand available, but there are other brands available.

储备大量的锌锭剂。一般的药店应该有很多选择。其中一种叫Cold-Eeze lozenges。锌锭剂被证实对冠状病毒和其他病毒有一定防治作用。当你开始感到有感冒的感觉到时候，按照说明书每天服用数次。最好安静的躺下来，让锌锭剂慢慢融化在喉咙和鼻腔里。

I, as many others do, hope that this pandemic will be reasonably contained, BUT I personally do not think it will be. Humans have never seen this snake-associated virus before and have no internal defense against it. Tremendous worldwide efforts are being made to understand the molecular and clinical virology of this virus. Unbelievable molecular knowledge about the genomics, structure, and virulence of this virus has already been achieved. BUT, there will be NO drugs or vaccines available this year to protect us or limit the infection within us. Only symptomatic support is available.

和大家一样，我希望冠状病毒的疫情能够得到控制。科学界已经学到很多关于这个病毒的东西。可是毕竟人类没有见过这个病毒，也没有建立对它的免疫力。我不认为一年内会有真正有效药物和疫苗开发出来拯救人类或者控制病毒。目前只能减缓病状。

来源：部份来源关注美国梦